ENGINEERING NEWS IN BRIEF

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                  ENGINEERING NEWS IN BRIEF
                        E-Mail Newsletter

                               No.74
             Issued by the Asian TOP Panel, February 2008

           The Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society (CMES)
           The Institution of Engineers, Indonesia (PII)
           The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers (JSME)
           The Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers (KSME)

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    According to the agreement made in the 2nd Asian TOP Panel Meeting,
the ENGINEERING NEWS IN BRIEF (E-mail newsletter) has now been edited
by the JSME for the year 2008.

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[Contents]
1) Fabrication of Super Water Repellent Surfaces by Vacuum Plasma (Source: KSME)
2) Nano-level High Sensitivity Measurement Using Microscopic Moire Interferometry     (Source: KSME)
3) Effect of Contact Conductance and Semitransparent Radiation on Heat Transfer     During CVD Process of Semiconductor (Source: KSME)
4) Blood Volume Monitor (Source: JSME)
5) IGCC Demonstration Plant Project (Source: JSME)
6) Latest Technology for Large Frame Gas Turbine (Fundamental Technology for High     Efficiency 1700℃ Class Gas Turbine) (Source: JSME)
7) Sustainable Manufacturing (Source: JSME)
8) Noise and Vibration Phenomena and Reduction Technology on Hybrid Electric
    Vehicle(Source: JSME)
9) High Performance and High Reliability VG Turbocharger for Automotive
    (Source: JSME)
10) Low-Temperature Heat Driven Adsorptive Desiccant Cooling
    Process -Improvement of the Dehumidifying Performance by Removal of Adsorption     Heat- (Sorce: JSME)
11) New aspects of material-nonlinear FEM for piezoelectric materials (Sorce: JSME)
12) Development of a System Design Guidance for Administrative Control Measures
    on Occupation Safety with the use of Information Technology (Sorce: JSME)

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1) Fabrication of Super Water Repellent Surfaces by Vacuum Plasma

    Jong Joo Rha,,Yong Soo Jeong,,Wan Doo Kim, Korea Institute of Machinery and     Materials

Super-hydrophobic surfaces showed that contact angle of water was higher than 140 degrees. That surface could be made several methods such as Carbon nano tubes grown vertically, PDMS asperities arrays, hydrophobic fractal surfaces, and self assembled monolayers coated by CVD and so on. However, we fabricated super-hydrophobic surfaces with plasma treatments which were very cost efficient processes. Their surfaces were characterized by static contact angles, advancing, receding, and stability against UV irradiation. Optimal surfaces showed static contact angles were higher than 150 degrees. Super-hydrophobic property was remained after UV irradiation for one week.

Key words: Super Hydrophobic, Plasma Etching, UV Irradiation

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2) Nano-level High Sensitivity Measurement Using Microscopic Moire Interferometry

    Jin-Won Joo, Han-Jun Kim Chungbuk National University

Moire interferometry is an optical method, providing whole field contour maps of in-plane displacements with high resolution. The demand for enhanced sensitivity in displacement measurements leads to the technique of microscopic moire interferometry. The method is an extension of the moire interferometry, and employs an optical microscope for the required spatial resolution. In this paper, the sensitivity of moire interferometry is enhanced by an order of magnitude using an immersion interferometry and the optical/digital fringe multiplication(O/DFM) method. In fringe patterns, the contour interval represents the displacement of 52 ? per fringe order. In order to estimate the reliability and the applicability of the optical system implemented, the measurements of rigid body displacements of grating mold and the coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE) for an aluminium block are performed. The system developed is applied to the measurement of thermal deformation in a flip chip plastic ball grid array package.

Key words: Micro Moire Interferometry, Thermal Deformation, Electronic Package, Coefficient of Thermal Expansion

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3) Effect of Contact Conductance and Semitransparent Radiation on Heat Transfer     During CVD Process of Semiconductor Wafer

    Yong Seok Yoon, Hye Jung Hong, Myungho Song, Dongguk University

During CVD process of semiconductor wafer fabrication, maintaining the uniformity of temperature distribution at wafer top surface is one of the key factors affecting the quality of final products. Effect of contact conductance between wafer and hot plate on predicted temperature of wafer was investigated. The validity of opaque wafer assumption was also examined by comparing the predicted results with Discrete Ordinate solutions accounting for semitransparent radiative characteristics of silicon. As the contact conductance increases predicted wafer temperature increases and the differences between maximum and minimum temperatures within wafer and between wafer and hot plate top surface temperatures decrease. The opaque assumption always overpredicted the wafer temperature compared to semitransparent calculation. The influences of surrounding reactor inner wall temperature and hot plate configuration are then discussed.

Key Words: Heat Transfer, Hot Plate, Wafer Processing, Discrete Ordinate Method, Semitransparent Radiation

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4) Blood Volume Monitor

    Yoshihiro MORI, NIKKISO CO.,LTD.

Chronic hemodialysis patients generally have to be treated with hemodialysis for four hours three times a week. Intradialytic hypotension is of a problem because this affects the prognosis and quality of life for the patients and because medical procedures for hypotension episodes increase the burden on medical staffs. Therefore, hemodialysis equipments are required to have the function for monitoring patients' conditions for providing optimum hemodialysis treatments. Our company has developed and sold Blood Volume Monitor (BVM), which is a monitor of the change rate of blood volume, one of the indicators of the patients' conditions during the hemodialysis treatment as an optional function of the hemodialysis equipment. BVM irradiates near-infrared light to the blood which flows from a patient to a dialyser in the extracorporeal tube through the and measures the strength of the reflected light. Based on the strength, the change rate of blood volume is calculated. In the near future, chronic hemodialysis patients will be routinely treated in better conditions by monitoring the change rate of blood volume.

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5) IGCC Demonstration Plant Project

    Hiroyuki SAKATA, CLEAN COAL POWER R&D CO.,LTD

In Japan coal is an important energy resource in terms of energy security and stability in price and supply. However, coal-based power plant emits more greenhouse gas than power plants with other fossil fuels. IGCC (Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle) system is one of the most promising clean coal technologies to harmonize the reduction of greenhouse gas and the utilization of coal. Japan has been working on development of an unique air-blown IGCC technology that realizes the highest net efficiency and the environmental friendliness. To implement the 250MW demonstration plant project, Clean Coal Power R&D Co., Ltd (CCP) was established in 2001, funded by Japanese electric power companies. Currently, the plant is under construction inside the Nakoso power station of Joban Joint Power Co., Ltd. in Iwaki City. Construction of this demonstration plant is almost completed and demonstration tests are going to start soon.

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6) Latest Technology for Large Frame Gas Turbine (Fundamental Technology for High     Efficiency 1700℃ Class Gas Turbine)

    Keizo TSUKAGOSHI, Eisaku ITO, Yasutomo KANEKO,
    MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.

Large frame gas turbine has become a main facility of power plant since early in 1980s, and contributed to decrease of energy consumption and solution of environmental problem. Recently, a 1500℃ class gas turbine has been a standard of industrial gas turbine. On the other hand, Kyoto protocol was ratified in February 2005 to decrease the greenhouse gas emission, and it requires Japan to reduce CO2 gas by 6 % of total amount emitted in 1990 by 2008-2012. From this background, the national project titled "development of a high efficiency 1700℃ class gas turbine" was started in 2004. The fundamental technologies required for 1700℃ class gas turbine, such as material, coating, cooling, combustor, turbine and compressor are developed through this project of 4 years. It is expected that 1700℃ class gas turbine will remarkably contribute to decrease of energy consumption and solution of environmental problem, and the whole world will get the benefit from the results of this project. This article presents the status and the schedule of this project.

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7) Sustainable Manufacturing

    Junichi YAGI, MANUFACTURING SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY CENTER/IMS     PROMOTION CENTER

In 1972, 1992 successively, Roman Club led by Dr. Aurelio Peccei procured the intense attention from the world public, warning that the current rate of the world population growth and ever increase of energy and material consumption will lead to the prevail of world-wide catastrophe within the first half of the 21st century. How can Japan as a resource dependent country survive through this anticipated crisis? This article proposes our survival strategy and provides the system of manufacturing technologies which should be developed for sustainable development of our society.
The proposing system of technologies is structured by sustainable manufacturing category: 1. Innovative Technology, 2. Eco Manufacturing, 3. Closed-loop Manufacturing, 4.Global Supply Chain Management, 5. Safety & Security. They are distributed between two strategic pillars: 1. Development of Common Technology Basis, 2. Development of Innovative Technologies for Diversified Domains.

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8) Noise and Vibration Phenomena and Reduction Technology on Hybrid Electric Vehicle

    Masashi KOMADA, TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION

Hybrid electric vehicles with internal-combustion engine and electric motor have some noise and vibration phenomena different from conventional engine vehicles. The most characteristic phenomena of the vehicle with THS II (Toyota Hybrid System II) are motor electromagnetic noise from electric motor during motor driving and regenerative braking, switching noise from power control unit during motor driving and regenerative braking and engine starting vibration caused by frequent engine start/stop control during vehicle stop and low load driving. The frequency range of these phenomena is very wide from about several Hz to about ten several kilos Hz. In order to minimize these phenomena, many countermeasure technologies have been developed. For motor electromagnetic noise, in order to reduce motor torque ripple, optimization of rotor shape, permanent magnet arrangement and AC current wave pattern were carried out. For switching noise, in order to reduce core magnetostriction, the material of core in battery voltage boost system was optimized. For engine starting vibration, electric motor feedforward/feedback control technologies were adopted to reduce engine compression pressure and torsional vibration of drive-line.

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9) High Performance and High Reliability VG Turbocharger for Automotive

    Katsuyuki OSAKO, Atsushi HAGITA, Yasutomo KANEKO,
    MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.

According to reinforcement of regulation on emission, VG (Variable Geometry) turbocharger, which equipped with variable turbine nozzle, has become a standard of turbocharger of diesel engine. The opening of the turbine nozzle of the VG turbocharger can be adjusted to get the optimal condition for the pressure of the charged gas, according to the engine condition. Because the VG turbocharger can remarkably contribute to improvement of mileage and drivability, high performance is required. On the other hand, a complicated link system of VG turbocharger has to be driven under the condition of high temperature and large vibration on engine without lubrication, and its operating range for pressure and flow rate is very large. Because of these severe environments, the high reliability is also required for VG turbocharger.
In developing the high performance and high reliability VG turbocharger for automotive, the latest design technology using CFD and FEM was applied, and the material test and endurance test were carried out to verify the performance and the reliability.
This article presents the features of the developed high performance and high reliability VG turbocharger for automotive.

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10) Low-Temperature Heat Driven Adsorptive Desiccant Cooling Process -Improvement     of the Dehumidifying Performance by Removal of Adsorption Heat-

    Akio KOMADA, KANAZAWA UNIVERSITY

A multi-pass honeycomb rotary dehumidifier has been proposed to achieve a low-temperature heat driven adsorptive desiccant cooling process. It has a sandwich arrangement of honeycomb shaped adsorbent blocks and aluminum passages. In the regeneration step, hot water flows in the passages heating the honeycomb adsorbent. Simultaneously, outside air is co-currently supplied to the adsorbent layer to discharge the desorbed water vapor. On the other hand, adsorption heat caused in the adsorption step can be removed by cool air which is counter-currently passing through inside of the passages to maintain the sufficient adsorption capacity / rate. The heat of vaporization water remaining in the passages also accelerates the cooling of the adsorbent rotor. Dehumidifying performance of the above mentioned adsorber has been investigated under various operating conditions including air velocity of each sector, rotation speed of adsorbent rotor, temperature of hot water and so on. It was confirmed that hot water or air around 50oC was capable of regenerating the adsorbent rotor and removal of adsorption heat generated in the adsorption step achieving the semi-isothermal dehumidification. It was also found that new adsorbent FAM (Mitsubishi Chemical), which has a property for the isothermal dehumidification, gave a further improvement in the dehumidifying performance.

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11) New aspects of material-nonlinear FEM for piezoelectric materials

    Gakuji NAGAI, GIFU UNIVERSITY

Piezoelectricity is a coupling phenomenon of mechanics and electrostatics. In the conventional FEM for this electro-mechanical problem, displacement and electric voltage, scalar potential, are chosen as independent variables. This FEM has been widely used for the linear analyses of piezoelectric problem. However, for the material-nonlinear analyses, it is not appropriate because of the possibility of numerical or physical instabilities in constitutive law level. Recently, an alternative FEM has been proposed to overcome the difficulty. In this FEM, displacement and vector potential are chosen as independent variables. These two FEMs are dual each other in terms of electrics. In conjunction with the alternative FEM, phenomenological constitutive law models based on energetically local minimum functions can be utilized for the description of the material nonlinearity. The resulting computational procedure is very similar to the one for the bucking analyses of structures like shallow arches. 2-D numerical examples of polycrystalline piezoelectric ceramics exhibit that the combinational approach of the alternative FEM and the phenomenological constitutive law models is advantageous to the material-nonlinear analyses of piezoelectric problem.

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12) Development of a System Design Guidance for Administrative Control Measures on     Occupation Safety with the use of Information Technology

    Shojiro YASUI, MINISTRY of HEALTH, LABOUR and WELFARE, JAPAN

In Japan, significant social changes are progressing because of mass retirement of baby-boomers in 2007, increasing mobility of employment, and advancing automation of manufacturing facilities. The Ministry of Health, labor and Welfare developed a system design guidance to implement occupational safety administrative controls with the use of information technology in order to tackle the above situation. The system consists of three modules such as database management systems, communication systems, and monitoring-sensing systems; and aims to reduce risks of occupational accidents caused by lacking of adequate and appropriate information on work sites.

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Editor : Masao Nagai , International Affairs Committee
Published by The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers
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Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0016, Japan

FAX : 81-3-5360-3508
All Rights Reserved, Copyright C 2008
The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers
URL:http//www.jsme.or.jp [English Version]