======================================================================                   ENGINEERING NEWS IN BRIEF                         E-Mail Newsletter                                No.71              Issued by the Asian TOP Panel, November 2007            The Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society (CMES)            The Institution of Engineers, Indonesia (PII)            The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers (JSME)            The Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers (KSME) ======================================================================     According to the agreement made in the 2nd Asian TOP Panel Meeting, the ENGINEERING NEWS IN BRIEF (E-mail newsletter) has now been edited by the CMES for the year 2007. ====================================================================== [Contents] (1) Some Basic Concepts in Modern Design Theory (Source: CMES) (2) Analysis Of Instantaneous Flow Rate Character Of Hydraulic Transformer      (Source: CMES) (3) Control System Design for Automatic Sorting of LithiumIon Battery Using Multiple      Parallel Manipulators(Source: CMES) (4) Measurement of Brain Function of Train Driver Using Functional Near-infrared      Spectroscopy (fNIRS) (Source: JSME) (5) Enterprise Simulation for Supply-chain Integration (Source: JSME) (6) Intrinsic Localized Modes in NonlinearLattice Systems: Basic and Applications      (Source: JSME) (7) Material Parameters Identification of Adhesive in Layered Plates Using Moire      Interferomety and Optimization Technique (Source: KSME) (8) Numerical Study on Flow Over Oscillating Circular Cylinder Using Curved Moving      Boundary Treatment(Source: KSME) (9) Experimental Investigations on Pool Boiling CHF of Nano-Fluids(Source: KSME) ======================================================================== (1)Some Basic Concepts in Modern Design Theory     XIE Youbai School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University  In the long march of development of design theories, many terms have been coined for explaining their new ideas. Some times one term is used by different authors with different definitions or different means, say concepts. Other times different terms are used by different authors with the same mean or concept. It is rational and necessary for the modern design theory in the way of its growth to examine the definitions, means and concepts of all these terms. In considering the character of global economy and the change in manufacturing, some new definitions, means and concepts have been given to the terms for working with the theory and related methodology, and form a base of the development of the theory. The purpose of the paper is to summarize existed results and call further study on the definitions, means and concepts of such terms to match the state-of-the-art requirements. Insufficient in precision use of a term will occasionally lead to a different result in theoretical research. The concepts of performance, function, quality, constrain, requirements, features, requirement driving, state etc. studied and used previously in the modern design theory are collected and discussed. (1)Novel Gasbag Polishing Technique for Free-form Mold ======================================================================== (2) Analysis of Instantaneous Flow Rate Character of Hydraulic Transformer      XU Bing MA Jien YANG Huayong      State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power Transmission and Control, Zhejiang University To study the high noise reason of hydraulic transformer in-depth, instantaneous flow rate characters are studied both in theory and through simulation analysis. Mathematic models are obtained by theoretical analysis considering different working situations and valve plate control angles. The instantaneous flow variation rules for each port in valve plate at varying working conditions are concluded by simulation analysis using the mathematic models. And these mathematic models are also optimized through the upper conclusions. Pulsation coefficient at every port is evaluated at different working situations. The results indicate that high pulsation coefficient is one of the main causes that bring about high noise. Experiment results also show that noise of the hydraulic transformer is much higher than the similar structured piston pump or motor. Analyzing results provide a high noise reason, which would be an important theoretical reference for further improving the hydraulic transformer. ======================================================================== (3) Control System Design for Automatic Sorting of LithiumIon Battery Using Multiple      Parallel Manipulators      WANG Panfeng MEI Jiangping CHEN Hengjun ZHAO Xueman      School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University The development of a new production line for robotization and prompting efficiency of lithium battery sorting process is presented by using multiple high speed light weight parallel manipulators. The open architecture of hardware and software of the numerical control system is essentially developed based on a distributed control system (DCS) built by using the PXI platform and two multi-axis motion controllers, and also a sorting strategy is developed to achieve the task equilibrium and the shortest movement space. Otherwise, some crucial motion control techniques such as high speed data buffering, high speed data synchronization using notifiers and high speed breakpoints capture and output, etc, are investigated and applied to this system to improve the sorting efficiency of a single machine and the cooperation ability of multi-machine. This system is tested and controlled by integrating techniques based on database communications, which shows the validity of the proposed scheme for network control of multi-robot. This system is designed in such a way that enables high information integration, high sorting efficiency, high reliability and is successfully used in battery sorting, it is the first successful application of parallel manipulator for rapid and automatic sorting of batteries in China. ======================================================================= (4)Measurement of Brain Function of Train Driver Using Functional     Near-infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS)     Hitoshi TSUNASHIMA Department of Mechanical Engineering     College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University Train drivers are strongly urged to avoid making human errors of judgment. To avoid human error in train operation, driving support systems should be developed in consideration of human behavior. In developing such systems it is important to understand the relation between the train operation and the brain activity of driver. The brain activity during the driving operation with a train simulator is measured by a functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). To compare the changes in the brain activity with the driving operation, we developed an analysis method that can extract the brain activity related to task by using a wavelet-based multi-resolution analysis. The results show that the brain function due to a train driving can be evaluated with the proposed method. ============================================================ (5) Enterprise Simulation for Supply-chain Integration      Shigeki UMEDA, Musashi University  This article introduces concepts, methodologies,and implementation examples of "Enterprise Modeling and Simulation"　for Supply-chain management (SCM). SCM is one of the hottest topics in manufacturing systems management areas. SCM is a re-engineering action that builds business process flows among multiple firms including suppliers' suppliers and venders' venders. Building such a value chain requires generic system models representing a final feature of the optimized "goal", and decision support tools providing analysis on what-if scenarios. Enterprise simulation (ES) is one of the most effective tools for such system performance evaluation.  The ES mainly displays information-flows and decision-process-flows, such as "Receiving", "Shipping", "Ordering", and "Planning", on the other hand, the traditional manufacturing system simulation displays material-flows in the system.  The proposed ES poses a hierarchical structure composed of "Chain" layer, "Business-unit layer", and "Process layer". The members in the top layer (Chain) contain "Source", "Supplier", "Storage", "Planner", and "Deliverer". Each of them is subdivided into process models on the second layer, and further, into activity models on the third layer.  Our current challenge is to combine this discrete-type simulation with the system-dynamics simulation representing management environment, such as business fluctuations and etc. This will be a novel approach to a large-scale manufacturing gaming that supports long-term management decision-making. ============================================================ (6) Intrinsic Localized Modes in NonlinearLattice Systems: Basic and Applications      Yusuke DOI,       Department of Adaptive Machine Systems, Graduate School of Engineering       Osaka University  Intrinsic localized modes (ILMs) are energy localized structures which are excited in the anharmonic systems. We introduce some characteristic properties of ILMs such as mechanism of excitation, their shapes, mobility and interactions with structures. Then two previous studies are reviewed in order to show importance of application of ILMs to engineering: (i) molecular dynamics simulations of monolayer graphene sheet, and (ii) observation of localized structures on micromechanical cantilever arrays. ============================================================ (7) Material Parameters Identification of Adhesive in Layered Plates Using Moire      Interferomety and Optimization Technique      Jin-Won Joo, Han-Jun Kim Chungbuk National University      Woo-Hyuk Lee, Jin-Young Kim, Joo-Ho Choi Korea Aerospace University  In this study, a method to characterize material properties of adhesive that is used in a layered plates bonding process is developed by combined evaluation of experiment, simulation and optimization technique. A small bonded specimens of rectangular p;ate are prepared to this end, and put into a thermal loading conditions. Moire interferometry is used to measure submicron displacements occurred during the process. The elevated temperature is chosen as control factors. FE analysis with constant values for the adhesive materials is also carried out to simulate the experiment. Significant differences are observed from the two results, in which the simulation predicts the monotonic increase of the bending displacement whereas the measurement shows decrease of the displacement at above 75℃. In order to minimize the difference of the two, material parameters of the adhesive at a number of different temperatures are posed as unknowns to be determined, and optimization is conducted. As a result, optimum material parameters are found that excellently matches the simulation and experiment, which are decreased with respect to the temperature. ============================================================ (8)Numerical Study on Flow Over Oscillating Circular Cylinder Using Curved Moving     Boundary Treatment     Hyung Min Kim (Kyonggi University), Myung S. Jhon (Carnegie-Mellon Univesity)  CMBT(Curved Moving Boundary Treatment) is a newly developed scheme for the treatment of a no slip condition on the curved solid wall of moving obstacle in a flow field. In our research, CMBT was used to perform LBM simulation of a flow over a moving circular cylinder to determine the flow feature and aerodynamics characteristic of the cylinder. To ascertain the applicability of CMBT on the complex shape of the obstacle, it was first simulated for the case of the flow over a fixed circular cylinder in a channel and the results were compared against the solution of Navier-Stokes equation with deforming mesh technique. The simulations were performed in a moderate range of Reynolds number at each moving cylinder to identify the flow feature and aerodynamic characteristics of circular cylinder in a channel. The drag coefficients of the cylinder were calculated from the simulation results. We have numerically confirmed that the critical Reynolds number for vortex shedding is at Re=250 and the result is the same as the case of fixed cylinder. As the cylinder approaching to one wall, the 2nd vortex is developed by interacting with the wall boundary-layer vorticity. As the velocity ratio increase the third vortex are generated by interacting with the 2nd vortexes developed on the upper and lower wall boundary layer. The resultant �BCd decrease as reynolds number increasing and the Cd approached to a value when Re＞1000. ============================================================ (9)Experimental Investigations on Pool Boiling CHF of Nano-Fluids     Hyung Dae Kim, Moo Hwan Kim Pohang University of Science and Technology  Pool boiling critical heat flux (CHF) of nanofluids with oxide nanoparticles of TiO2 or Al2O3 was experimentally investigated under atmospheric pressure. The results showed that a dispersion of oxide nanoparticles significantly enhances the CHF over that of pure water. Moreover it was found that nanoparticles were seriously deposited on the heater surface during pool boiling of nanofluids. CHF of pure water on a nanoparticle-deposited surface, which is produced during the boiling of nanofluids, was not less than that of nanofluids. The result reveals that the CHF enhancement of nanofluids is absolutely attributed to modification of the heater surface by the nanoparticle deposition. Then, the nanoparticle-deposited surface was characterized with parameters closely related to pool boiling CHF, such as surface roughness, contact angle, and capillary wicking. Finally, reason of the CHF enhancement of nanofluids is discussed based on the changes of the parameters. ============================================================ Editor : Tian Ruizhu            The Dept. of Internationa Affairs            Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society

 

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