======================================================================                   ENGINEERING NEWS IN BRIEF                         E-Mail Newsletter                                No.59              Issued by the Asian TOP Panel, November 2006            The Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society (CMES)            The Institution of Engineers, Indonesia (PII)            The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers (JSME)            The Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers (KSME) ======================================================================     According to the agreement made in the 2nd Asian TOP Panel Meeting, the ENGINEERING NEWS IN BRIEF (E-mail newsletter) has now been edited by the CMES for the year 2006. ====================================================================== [Contents] (1) CMES had its 70th Anniversary Ceremony (Source: CMES) (2) Present Study Situation And Developing Trend Of Control Strategies For Hybrid      Electric Vehicle (Source: CMES) (3) Precision Pzt Rotary Step Actuator With Inner Anchor/Loosen (Source: CMES) (4) Shock Absorbing Design for Portable PCs (Source: JSME) (5) Project of A Development of New Hip Disarticulation Prostheses That Improve      Gait Pattern - Development of Rehabilitation Devices Using Forward Dynamics      Simulation of Human Motion - (Source: JSME) (6) Study on Electro-Mechanical Characteristics of Array Type Capacitive Pressure      Sensors with Stainless Steel Diaphragm and Substrate (Source: KSME) (7) Detailed Heat Transfer Characteristics on Rotating Turbine Blade (Source: KSME) (8) Development of the 1kW Class Regenerative Fuel Cell for Ground Simulator of      Regeneration Electric Power System (Source : KSME) ======================================================================== (1) CMES had its 70th Anniversary Ceremony  CMES had its 70th Anniversary Ceremony on November 18 in its birthplace Hangzhou. Over 2,000 representatives throughout the country and about 20 guests from sister societies of US, UK, Japan, Taiwan and Hong Kong gathered at Zhejiang Great Hall of the People to celebrate this historic event. Concurrent activities in the same day were the opening ceremony of 2006 CMES Annual Conference and dozens of academic meetings by CMES technical institutions.  On November 19, CMES held its 9th National Congress, where 273 representatives of CMES members were present. The Congress passed the report on the past five-year work and the financial report of the 8th CMES Governing Council, and the amendments of CMES constitution. By election of the representatives, 177 nominees became Members of the 9th CMES Governing Council. On the 1st meeting of the 9th Governing Council, Professor Lu Yongxiang was elected as President of CMES once again. Professor Song Tianhu was elected as Standing Vice President of CMES, Mr. Zhang Yanmin as the new General Secretary of CMES in the next five years, and the meeting also produced 43 Members of the 9th CMES Standing Council. ======================================================================== (2) Present Study Situation And Developing Trend of Control Strategies for Hybrid      Electric Vehicle     YU Xiumin CAO Shan LI Jun College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University  The constructions of hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) are classified according to the change of charge state of battery pack, and a study on current situation and trend of control strategies for HEV are analysed. The power train system in HEV is basically divided into three types: serial, parallel and combined type. The combined hybrid system integrates the functions of the series and parallel system. It provides more possibility and flexibility to control the power flow and to minimize the energy consumption. Several combined hybrid power train configurations are provided. The research indicates that the current control strategies for HEV are not perfect and need further optimization. The control strategies should realize the optimum match among engine, motor, battery and transmission to the characteristics of each component and vehicle's driving conditions. Many aspects including the fuel economy, emission, the life of battery pack, drivability, the reliability of each component and HEV's manufacture cost should be considered in the control strategies. The PHEV equipped with small motor, small engine and continuously variable transmission is pointed out and is an ideal system construction for getting optimal fuel economy, lower emissions, steady drivability, lower manufacture cost and HEV's mass. A study on the control strategies and its optimization that take account of the aspects mentioned above is a work emphasis in the future. ======================================================================== (3) Precision Pzt Rotary Step Actuator with Inner Anchor/Loosen      LIU Jianfang YANG Zhigang College of Mechanical Science and Engineering,      Jilin University  A new precision rotary piezoelectric PZT actuator is proposed to improve its drive capabilities. The actuator is based on the PZT technology. The actuator adopts the principle of bionics and works with a new method of stator inner anchor/loosen and a distortion structure of thin shelf flexible hinge. This structure improves the stability in the process of its anchor/loosen and step rotary. Its characteristic is analyzed from the finite element analyses. From the experiment, the resolution, rotary speed, rotary torque, etc. is measured. It shows that the new rotary PZT actuator can works with high frequency (40 Hz), high speed (325 μrad/s), large travel (360°), high resolution (1μrad) and high torque (30 N・cm). The actuator will be applied for large travel and high resolution driving device, optics engineering, precision positioning and some micro-manipulation field. ======================================================================= (4) Shock Absorbing Design for Portable PCs      Minoru MUKAI Noriyasu KAWAMURA Koji NAKAMURA,      Toshiba Corporation  With the increasingly widespread use of portable PCs, demand has arisen for the protection of PCs against mechanical shock. In response to this demand, shock-absorbing technologies have been developed.  Since a period of reliability design of portable PCs is becoming shorter, the impact simulation method is important. Transfer paths of shock power in the PCs are complicated because of high-density assembly of components. Constructing a suitable finite element model of the structures with a lot of contacting parts was carried out, and a simple modeling method based on the equivalent mass and equivalent stiffness was also proposed for early stage design. Consequently, the new simulation method had been successfully adopted in the development of the shock protector of the chassis. Vital components, such as hard disk drives (HDDs), were supported to the chassis using rubber tabs to shield them from shock and vibration. These shock-absorbing structures for each component were adjusted and designed based on the results of drop impact tests. In addition, an HDD protection system with a built-in three-axis acceleration sensor was also developed. This system detects free falls in all directions and rapidly moves the HDD head in preparation for impact. Last year, the new portable PCs by these technologies were put on the market. ============================================================ (5) Project of A Development of New Hip Disarticulation Prostheses That Improve      Gait Pattern - Development of Rehabilitation Devices Using Forward Dynamics      Simulation of Human Motion -     Hisashi NAITO, Osaka University  This article describes an outline of a project of development of new hip disarticulation prostheses(HDPs). This project consists of three research tasks: a survey on mechanical properties of conventional HDPs and difficulties that users have, a development of forward dynamics simulator of human-walking using HDPs and design tools of new HDPs, and making and evaluating prototypes.  Particularly, developed simulator succeeded in generating suitable gait pattern using conventional HDPs, and in addition, it could estimate performances of new HDPs, that is, calculate interactions between human motion and a HDPs motion. This result proved that the simulator will become a core technology of effective tools for designing new HDPs. Such a designing tool potentially changes the field of design of the man-machine systems, for example, HDPs and other assistive devices. It is expected that an integrated approach, which includes survey, simulation and prototyping,like this project, advances the simulation-based-design of the man-machine systems. ======================================================= (6) Study on Electro-Mechanical Characteristics of Array Type Capacitive Pressure      Sensors with Stainless Steel Diaphragm and Substrate      Heung-Shik Lee, Sung-Pil Chang and Chongdu Cho Inha University  In this study, mechanical characteristics of stainless steel diaphragm have been studied as a potential robust substrate and a diaphragm material for micromachined devices. Lamination process techniques combined with traditional micromachining processes have been adopted as suitable fabrication technologies. To illustrate these principles, capacitive pressure sensors based on a stainless steel diaphragm have been designed, fabricated and characterized. The fabrication process for stainless steel micromachined devices keeps the membrane and substrate being at the environment of 8.65? pressure and 175℃ for a half hour and then subsequently cooled to 25℃. Each sensor uses a stainless steel substrate, a laminated stainless steel film as a suspended movable plate and a fixed, surface micromachined back electrode of electroplated nickel. The finite element method is adopted to investigate residual stresses formed in the process. Besides, out-ofplane deflections are calculated under pressures on the diaphragm. The sensitivity of the device fabricated using these technologies is 9.03 ppm ??1 with a net capacitance change of 0.14 ? over a range 0~180 ?.. ======================================================= (7) Detailed Heat Transfer Characteristics on Rotating Turbine Blade      Dong-Ho Rhee and Hyung Hee Cho Yonsei University  In the present study, the effect of blade rotation on blade heat transfer is investigated by comparing with the heat transfer results for the stationary blade. The experiments are conducted in a low speed annular cascade with a single stage turbine and the turbine stage is composed of sixteen guide vanes and blades. The chord length and the height of the tested blade are 150 mm and about 125 mm, respectively. The blade has a flat tip and the mean tip clearance is 2.5% of the blade chord. A naphthalene sublimation method is used to measure detailed mass transfer coefficient on the blade. For the experiments, the inlet Reynolds number is ReC=1.5×10?, which results in the blade rotation speed of 255.8 rpm. Blade rotation induces a relative motion between the blade and the shroud as well as a periodic variation of incoming flow. Therefore, different heat/mass transfer patterns are observed on the rotating blade, especially near the tip and on the tip. The relative motion reduces the tip leakage flow through the tip gap, which results in the reduction of the tip heat transfer. However, the effect of the tip leakage flow on the blade surface is increased because the tip leakage vortex is formed closer to the surface than the stationary case. The overall heat/mass transfer on the shroud is not affected much by the blade rotation. ============================================================ (8) Development of the 1kW Class Regenerative Fuel Cell for Ground Simulator of      Regeneration Electric Power System      Hyung Mo Kim, Young Il Park KARI(Korea Aerospace Research Institute)      Cheol Nam Yang KIMM(Korea Institute of Machinary and Materials)      Byung Sun Hong Fuel Cell Power Inc.  The PEM type regenerative fuel cell (RFC) for the ground simulator of the regeneration electric power system has been designed, manufactured, and tested. In this paper, the designing and manufacturing procedures of the RFC were presented. Also, the performance test results were showed briefly. The RFC consists of PEM type stack, humidifier, pressure and flow control valve, storage tanks, pump and controller. The performance tests were carried out with stack and system performance tests. The performance targets are more than 50% stack efficiency, 1.5? stack power, less 400W parasitic power in design condition. Most of the performances required are satisfied. ============================================================ Editor : Tian Ruizhu            The Dept. of Internationa Affairs            Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society

 

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